It usually remains for five to seven days and heals within two weeks with no scarring. Arterial and venous ulcers are quite different and require different modes of treatment. What is a Stomach Ulcer? A stomach ulcer (also called a peptic ulcer or a gastric ulcer) is a small erosion (hole) in the gastrointestinal tract. How Is Appendicitis Diagnosed? Diagnosing appendicitis can be tricky. Symptoms of appendicitis are frequently vague or extremely similar to other ailments. Peptic ulcers are caused by an infection with H. Symptoms of peptic ulcer include abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, loss of appetite. Acid reflux is a common condition. It occurs when stomach acids and other stomach contents back up into the esophagus. Reflux symptoms are more common when lying down. She has written on health, fitness, fashion, interior design, home decorating,sports and finance for. Stomach Ulcer Symptoms. A timely diagnosis plays a crucial role in the treatment of stomach ulcers. The sooner the stomach ulcer symptoms are recognized, the better. What are the complications of gallstones? Cholecystitis means inflammation of the gallbladder. Like biliary colic, it too is caused by sudden obstruction of the. PEPTIC ULCER DEFINITION. Peptic ulcers are open sores in the upper part of the digestive tract that can cause stomach pain or stomach upset, and that can lead to. Venous stasis ulcers occur as a result of venous insufficiency in the lower limb. The insufficiency is due to deep vein thrombosis and failure of the one- way valves that act during muscle contraction to prevent the backflow of blood. Chronic varicosities of the veins can also cause venous stasis. Patient Care. Stasis ulcers are difficult to treat because impaired blood flow interferes with the normal healing process and prolongs repair. Patient care is concerned with preventing a superimposed infection in the ulcer, increasing blood flow in the deeper veins, and decreasing pressure within the superficial veins. Marginal ulcers are a frequent complication of surgical treatment for peptic ulcer; they are difficult to control medically and often require further surgery. A wide variety of insults may produce ulcers, including trauma, caustic chemicals, intense heat or cold, arterial or venous stasis, cancers, drugs (such as nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs . If it persists for longer than 2 weeks, it should be biopsied to rule out cancer. Synonym: aphthous stomatitis; canker sore See: illustration. Etiology. Aphthous ulcers are found in stomatitis, Beh. Buruli ulcer. An infection of the skin and underlying tissues with Mycobacterium ulcerans. The infection, common in the tropics and subtropics, develops slowly from a painless or minimally painful nodule on the skin into underlying bone, which it gradually destroys. The spread of the disease may be prevented with bacille Calmette- Gu. Patient care. To prevent irritation and ulceration of the mucous membranes of the mouth, denture wearers should clean dentures daily and remove them while sleeping. Poorly fitting dentures should be reconstructed or padded by a denturist. Diabetic foot infection. An open sore on the mucosa of the first portion of the duodenum, most often the result of infection with Helicobacter pylori. It is the most common form of peptic ulcer. An ulcer in which the granulations protrude above the edges of the wound and bleed easily. An ulcer caused by a fungus. Etiology. Common causes are NSAIDs, use of alcohol or tobacco, and infection with H. Peptic ulcer; Synonyms: Peptic ulcer, stomach ulcer, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer: Deep gastric ulcer: Specialty: Gastroenterology, general surgery: Symptoms. See: peptic ulcer. Hunner ulcer. Interstitial cystitis. A nearly painless ulcer usually found on the leg, characterized by an indurated, elevated edge and a nongranulating base. An ulcer caused by diminished blood flow through an artery, esp. These ulcers are usually found in patients with peripheral vascular disease. They may result in loss of digits as a result of gangrene. Peptic ulcer disease is a common illness, affecting about 1. Curling ulcer; Helicobacter pylori; stress ulcer; Zollinger- Ellison syndrome; Etiology. Common causes of peptic ulcer are factors that increase gastric acid production or impair mucosal barrier protection, e. NSAIDs, smoking, H. Ulcers occur in men and women and occur most frequently in patients over age 6. U. S. The relationship between peptic ulcer and emotional stress is not completely understood. Symptoms. Patients with peptic ulcers may be asymptomatic or have gnawing epigastric pain, esp. At times, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, hematemesis, melena, or unexplained weight loss may signify peptic disease. Food intake often relieves the discomfort. Peptic ulcers that perforate the upper gastrointestinal tract may penetrate the pancreas, causing symptoms of pancreatitis (severe back pain) and chemical peritonitis followed by bacterial peritonitis or an acute abdomen as irritating gastrointestinal (GI) contents and bacteria enter the abdominal cavity. Bacterial peritonitis can lead to sepsis, shock, and death. Diagnosis. Endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) provides the single best test to diagnose peptic ulcers because it allows direct visualization of the mucosa and permits carbon–1. H. During endoscopy, tissue can be excised, vessels ligated, or sclerosants injected. Barium swallow or upper GI x- ray series may also be used to provide images for diagnosis or follow- up and may be the initial test for patients whose symptoms are not severe. Treatment. H. Bismuth or other coating agents may be used as a barrier to protect the duodenal mucosa. Peptic ulceration of the stomach may be treated with the same medications if biopsies or breath tests reveal H. When patients have ulcers caused by the use of NSAIDs or tobacco, withholding these agents and treating with an H2 blocker, e. The prostaglandin analogue misoprostol may also be used to suppress or prevent peptic ulcer caused by use of NSAIDs. GI bleeding is managed initially with passage of a nasogastric tube and iced saline lavage, possibly with norepinephrine added. Gastroscopy then allows visualization of the bleeding site and laser or cautery coagulation. When conservative medical treatment is ineffective, vagotomy and pyloroplasty may be used to reduce hydrochloric acid secretion and enlarge the pylorus to enhance gastric emptying. More extreme surgical therapy (including subtotal gastric resection) may be needed in rare instances of uncontrollable hemorrhage or perforation occurring as a result of peptic ulcer disease. Patient care. The ambulatory patient is educated about agents that increase the risk for peptic ulceration and given specific instructions to avoid them. Instruction should include the importance of adhering to prescription drug therapies, adverse reactions to H2- receptor antagonists and omeprazole (dizziness, fatigue, rash, diarrhea), and the need for follow- up examination and care. For the hospitalized patient with ulcer- related bleeding, careful monitoring of vital signs, fluid balance, hemoglobin levels, and blood losses may enhance early recognition of worsening disease. Intravenous (IV) access is established, and IV opiates are administered as prescribed for pain control. The patient is kept nil per os (NPO). Electrolytes and fluids are replaced as needed. Endoscopic or other diagnostic and treatment procedures are explained to the patient, and the effects of prescribed therapies or transfusions are carefully assessed. All patient care concerns apply after major surgery. The patient is assessed for possible complications: hemorrhage, shock, malabsorption problems (iron, folate, or vitamin B1. To avoid these problems, the patient is advised to drink fluids between meals rather than with meals, eat 4 to 6 small, high- protein, low- carbohydrate meals daily, and lie down after eating. Before and after discharge, health care professionals should help the patient to develop coping mechanisms to relieve anxiety. Patients are taught to recognize signs and symptoms of disease recurrence (e. Patients who use antacids and have a history of cardiac disease or whose sodium intake is restricted for any reason are warned to take only those antacids that have low amounts of sodium. The need for ongoing medical care is stressed. An ulcer that erodes through an organ, e. Tropical ulcer. postpolypectomy ulcer. An erosion through the lining of the gastrointestinal tract resulting from endoscopic removal of a tumor. Pressure ulcers typically occur in patients who are bedridden or chair bound. Patients with sensory and mobility deficits (such as patients with spinal cord injury, stroke, or coma); malnourished patients; patients with peripheral vascular disease; hospitalized elderly patients; and nursing home residents are all at risk. Some evidence also suggests that incontinence is a risk factor. Synonym: bed soredecubitus ulcerpressure sore See: Norton scale for table. The most common sites of skin breakdown are over bony prominences (the sacrum and the trochanters, the heels, the lateral malleoli and also the shoulder blades, ischial tuberosities, occiput, ear lobes, elbows, and iliac crests). The combination of pressure, shearing forces, friction, and moisture leads to tissue injury and occasionally necrosis. If the ulcer is not treated vigorously, it will progress from a simple red patch of skin to erosion into the subcutaneous tissues, eventually extending to muscle or bone. Deep ulcers often become infected with bacteria and develop gangrene. See: illustration. Treatment and Prevention. The most important principle is to prevent the initial skin damage that promotes ulceration. In patients at risk, aggressive nursing practices, such as frequent turning of immobile patients and the application of skin protection to bony body parts, are frequently effective. Gel flotation pads, alternating pressure mattresses, convoluted foam mattresses and sheepskins or imitation sheepskins may be employed. Specialized air- fluid beds, waterbeds, or beds with polystyrene beads provide expensive but effective prophylaxis. If the patient develops an ulcer, topical treatments with occlusive hydrocolloid dressings, polyurethane films, absorbable gelatin sponges, collagen dressings, wound- filter dressings, water- vapor permeable dressings, and antibiotic ointments aid the healing of partial- thickness sores. Deeper lesions may need surgical d. Skin- damaging agents such as harsh alkaline soaps, alcohol- based products, tincture of benzoin, hexachlorophene, and petroleum gauze should be avoided. Consultation with a wound care specialist is advantageous. Patient care. The skin is thoroughly cleansed, rinsed, and dried, and emollients are gently applied by minimizing the force and friction used, esp. Patients who are not able to position themselves are repositioned every 1–2 hr to prevent tissue hypoxia resulting from compression. A turning sheet or pad is used to turn patients with minimal skin friction. Care providers should avoid elevating the head of the bed higher than 3. Range- of- motion exercises are provided, early ambulation is encouraged, and nutritious high- protein meals are offered. Low- pressure mattresses and special beds are kept in proper working order. The most common type of stomach ulcer is a duodenal ulcer. Duodenal ulcers. occur in the first 1. Ulcers that. form in the stomach are called gastric ulcers. An ulcer is not. contagious or cancerous. Duodenal ulcers. are almost always benign, while stomach ulcers may become malignant. Stomach. ulcer disease is common, affecting millions of Americans yearly. The size of a. stomach ulcer can range between 1/8 of an inch to 3/4 of an inch. Find out more information about the stomach, or view. Children. develop stomach ulcers too. Stomach ulcer warning signs. Stomach ulcers are very common. Stomach ulcers may be a symptom of another disease or condition. Stomach ulcers are often. Internal bleeding from stomach ulcers. What. causes Stomach Ulcers? The. direct cause of peptic ulcers is the destruction of the gastric or intestinal. Hydrochloric acid is normally present in. Infection with the bacterium Helicobacter. Helicobacter pylori may be transmitted from person to person through contaminated. Antibiotics are the most effective treatment for Helicobacter. Injury. of the gastric mucosal lining, and weakening of the mucous defenses are also responsible. Excess secretion of hydrochloric acid, genetic predisposition. Another. major cause of ulcers is the chronic use of anti- inflammatory medications, such. Cigarette smoking is also an important cause of ulcer formation and. Stomach Ulcer questions. Stomach Ulcer symptoms. The. major symptom of an ulcer is a burning or gnawing feeling in the stomach area. This pain is often interpreted as heartburn. The pain usually occurs in the upper abdomen, but sometimes. In some individuals the pain occurs immediately. In other individuals, the pain may not occur until hours after eating. Weeks of pain may be followed. Pain can be relieved by drinking milk, eating, resting. Appetite. and weight loss are other symptoms of a stomach ulcer. Persons with duodenal ulcers may experience. Recurrent vomiting. In severe cases, symptoms of a stomach ulcer may include: Dark or black stool (caused by internal bleeding)Vomiting blood (vomit may be grainy and black like . The nerves. become agitated and cause a great amount of pain. Stomach ulcers can. Stomach ulcer diets Stomach ulcer statistics. About. 2. 0 million Americans develop at least one stomach ulcer during their lifetime. Stomach ulcers. affect about 4 million Americans every year. More. than 4. 0,0. Americans have surgery because of persistent symptoms or problems from. About. 6,0. 00 Americans die of stomach ulcer- related complications every year. Stomach. Ulcer Treatment. Risks. of Developing a Stomach Ulcer. Is a Stomach Ulcer Serious? Many stomach ulcers heal on their own. However, it is important to seek medical attention if you believe you have a stomach ulcer.
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